Students may only be photographed or videotaped with proper what?

In educational settings, particularly regarding the use of photographs or videos involving students, it is imperative to have proper consent in place. This means obtaining permission from a student's parent or legal guardian before capturing or using their image or likeness. Consent ensures that the rights and privacy of students are respected and protected, as parents and guardians have the authority to make decisions regarding their children's exposure in media.

Furthermore, consent is crucial to comply with legal regulations such as the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), which governs when and how schools may share student information. While identification, training, and permission may play important roles in various contexts, the key factor in this specific situation is consent, making it the correct answer.